The material was delivered to the NKVD. Reinhard Heydrich [c] The Einsatzgruppen units followed the army into Poland to implement the plans. [54] On 9 June 1934, Rudolf Hess declared the SD the official Nazi intelligence service. He was baptized a Roman Catholic. [90] Upon his appointment, Heydrich told his aides: "We will Germanize the Czech vermin. The exact number of people who vanished under it has never been positively established, but it is estimated to be 7,000. Many historians regard him as the evilest of the Nazi elite, and Hitler referred to him as the man with the iron heart.. He played a key role in organizing the Holocaust during the early years of World War II. He often drove alone in a car with an open roof a show of his confidence in the occupation forces and in his government's effectiveness. In the telegram, Heydrich granted permission for arson and destruction of Jewish businesses and synagogues, and ordered the confiscation of all "archival material" from Jewish community centres and synagogues. Himmler initially forbade Heydrich from flying combat missions, but later relented, allowing him to join Jagdgeschwader 77 in Norway, where he was stationed from 15 April 1940 during Operation Weserbung. He improved his index-card system, creating categories of offenders with colour-coded cards. [70] In the Anschluss on 12 March, Hitler declared the unification of Austria with Nazi Germany. [24], In 1922, Heydrich joined the German Navy (Reichsmarine), taking advantage of the security, structure, and pension it offered. [111][112], On Himmler's instructions, Heydrich formed the Einsatzgruppen (task forces) to travel in the wake of the German armies at the start of World War II. Edit your search or learn more. Establishing ghettos in the Protectorate was also planned, resulting in the construction of the Theresienstadt Ghetto,[120] where 33,000 people would eventually die. [69] In February 1938 when the Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg resisted Hitler's proposed merger with Germany, Heydrich intensified the pressure on Austria by organising Nazi demonstrations and distributing propaganda in Vienna emphasising the common Germanic blood of the two countries. [68] He then had the Gestapo carry out house searches, arrests, and interrogations, thus in effect exercising control over public opinion. [119] The officers attending also discussed taking 5,000 Jews from Prague "in the next few weeks" and handing them over to the Einsatzgruppen commanders Arthur Nebe and Otto Rasch. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Reinhard Heydrich, in full Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich, byname The Hangman, German Der Henker, (born March 7, 1904, Halle, Germanydied June 4, 1942, Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia [now in Czech Republic]), Nazi German official who was Heinrich Himmler s chief lieutenant in the Schutzstaffel (Protective [77] Heydrich became the president of the International Criminal Police Commission (later known as Interpol) on 24 August 1940,[78] and its headquarters were transferred to Berlin. He combined repressive measures and mass executions with an attempt to mollify Czech peasants and workers by improving social and economic conditions. They became romantically involved and soon announced their engagement. The Butcher of Prague: 7 Facts About the Life of Nazi Reinhard Heydrich. [114] Historian Raul Hilberg estimates that between 1941 and 1945 the Einsatzgruppen and related auxiliary troops murdered more than two million people, including 1.3million Jews. Heinrich Mller was the Gestapo's operations chief. [34] Those who joined the party after Hitler's seizure of power in January 1933 faced suspicions from the Alte Kmpfer (Old Fighters; the earliest party members) that they had joined for reasons of career advancement rather than a true commitment to Nazi ideology. Gestapo officials retaliated for his death by executing hundreds of Czechs and wiping out the entire village of Lidice. Reinhard passed away on June 4 1942, at age 38 in Prague. On the afternoon of Tuesday, January 20, 1942, Chief of Security Police and the SD, Reinhard Heydrich, telephoned his superior, Reichsfhrer-SS Heinrich Himmler.He had much to tell him. WebIn The Hangman and His Wife, Nancy Dougherty, and, following her death, Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, masterfully explore who Heydrich was and how he came to be, and how he came to do what he did. [42], On 1 August 1931, Heydrich began his job as chief of the new 'Ic Service' (intelligence service). This questionnaire was placed in an envelope inscribed with a seal reading "Nacht und Nebel" and submitted to the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA). By the late 1930s, the duties of Reinhard Heydrich led him to work long hours and often be away from home. Heydrich played a prominent role in the Holocaust. Also known as: Der Henker, Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich, The Hangman. An individual portrait of Reinhard Heydrich [FHM 2002.001.035] is also part of the Perpetrators series. Eventually, they married for the purpose of changing her last name. [143] The couple had four children: Klaus, born in 1933, killed in a traffic accident in 1943; Heider, born in 1934; Silke, born in 1939; and Marte, born shortly after her father's death in 1942. Reinhard Heydrich By 1921, few townspeople there could afford a musical education at Bruno Heydrich's conservatory. In 1926 he advanced to the rank of ensign (Leutnant zur See) and was assigned as a signals officer on the battleship SMS Schleswig-Holstein, the flagship of Germany's North Sea Fleet. [122], Earlier on 31 July 1941, Hermann Gring gave written authorisation to Heydrich to ensure the co-operation of administrative leaders of various government departments in the implementation of a "Final Solution to the Jewish question" in territories under German control. [19] Heydrich, then 15 years old, joined Maercker's Volunteer Rifles (a paramilitary Freikorps unit). [46] Gercke reported that Heydrich was "of German origin and free from any coloured and Jewish blood". She was entitled to a substantial pension because her husband was a German Police general killed in action. Reinhard proudly showed off his baby daughter and they had a close relationship. [12] Lina wanted to have the driver and all passengers shot, but the investigation found the driver not guilty. [38] Heydrich's counterintelligence service grew into an effective machine of terror and intimidation. Reinhard She was declared entitled to a substantial pension as her husband was a German general killed in action. Reinhard Heydrich, in full Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich, byname The Hangman, German Der Henker, (born March 7, 1904, Halle, Germanydied June 4, 1942, Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia [now in Czech Republic]), Nazi German official who was Heinrich Himmlers chief lieutenant in the Schutzstaffel (Protective Echelon), the paramilitary corps commonly known as the SS. Reinhard Heydrich Heinrich Himmler was born on October 7, 1900 to a middle-class family in Munich, Germany. Lina Heydrich (born Lina Mathilde von Osten; June 14, 1911 August 14, 1985) was the wife of assassinated SS-Obergruppenfhrer Reinhard Heydrich, a central figure in Nazi Germany. Prague church that defied Nazi rule This left Lina at home with the children and having to run the household alone. Heydrich was instrumental in the Nisko and Lublin plans to confine Jews to limited districts set up to contain them and in the proposed deportation of all European Jews to the island of Madagascar, a plan that was never implemented. Reinhard Heydrich [140] A recent biography of Heydrich also places the grave in Section A. Sensing an opportunity to strike a blow at both the Soviet Army and Admiral Canaris of Germany's Abwehr, Heydrich decided that the Soviet officer should be "unmasked". WebFamily portrait of Reinhard Heydrich, his wife Lina, and their daughter Silke, all of whom sit on the floor. WebAll Family Trees results for Reinhard Heydrich. Reinhard heydrich wikipedie. At this point, the SS was still part of the SA, the early Nazi paramilitary organisation which now numbered over 3 million men. Their father, Bruno Heydrich was a composer and opera singer. [a] The decree remained in effect after Heydrich's death. [52], Himmler began developing the notion of a Germanic religion and wanted SS members to leave the church. He was promoted on 1 July 1928 to the rank of first lieutenant. [126], On 27 May 1942, Heydrich planned to meet Hitler in Berlin. [101] Food rations and free shoes were distributed, pensions were increased, and (for a time) free Saturdays were introduced. Reinhard Heydrich [121] In 1941 Himmler named Heydrich as "responsible for implementing" the forced movement of 60,000 Jews from Germany and Czechoslovakia to the d (Litzmannstadt) Ghetto in Poland. During 1931, SS Leader Heinrich Himmler began setting up a counterintelligence division of the SS. ', He added: 'We must distinguish the son from the father. [45], In 1932, rumours were spread by Heydrich's enemies of his alleged Jewish ancestry. [35] Himmler asked Heydrich to convey his ideas for developing an SS intelligence service. [165], On 20 July 1941, without seeking authorization from Himmler, Heydrich rejoined Jagdgeschwader 77 during Operation Barbarossa, arriving at Yampil, Vinnytsia Oblast in a borrowed Me 109. In addition, many of the 2,242 people sent to Mauthausen died before the end of the period, some within days or weeks of their arrival. [72] The Wannsee Villa, which the Stiftung Nordhav acquired in November 1940,[73] was the site of the Wannsee Conference (20 January 1942). [63] Himmler immediately reorganised the police into two groups: the Ordnungspolizei (Order Police; Orpo), consisting of both the national uniformed police and the municipal police, and the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police; SiPo), consisting of the Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police; Gestapo) and Kriminalpolizei (Criminal Police; Kripo). Both Heydrich and Heydrich's firstborn son, Klaus, died within the year. Ideologia delle SS - Wikipedia [87][88] Among the 100,000 people murdered in the Intelligenzaktion operations in 19391940, approximately 61,000 were members of the Polish intelligentsia: scholars, clergy, former officers, and others, whom the Germans identified as political targets in the Special Prosecution Book-Poland, compiled before the war began in September 1939.