It will identify different policies used within the regeneration as well as their impact on the urban population. (with the Institute of British Geographers), To the nature of change and impact on the local communities that may have fallen in to decline. What does a lack of community cohesion create? What does this mean? Upload unlimited documents and save them online. The importance of the Albert docks to Liverpool is vast as it continues to attract visitors and has helped to re brand Liverpool from a declining and poor city. As long as regeneration projects keep local people in mind, regeneration tends to be more beneficial to an area than gentrification. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. Available at: https://focuse15.org/tag/clays-lane/ (Accessed: 18 November 2019), Hackney Gazette. One resident was rehoused into the East Village, into an apartment which was marked as an 'affordable' home, however, she was paying 80% market rate on rent and was struggling economically to pay this (Focus E15 Campaign, 2015). London won its bid on the back of three factors: Its status as a global city with one of the world's most culturally and ethnically diverse populations, Its focus upon regenerating one of the poorest areas of the city, which is on-going, where the Olympics have a specific role to play in providing a legacy of amenities for local people, A focus upon children as the benefactors of the Olympics, and the inspiration that could link nations through sport. Stratford: Regeneration (A Level) Case Study | StudySmarter Researchers helped choose sustainable & biodiverse vegetation suited to an urban environment, including . Plans of the Olympic Park are available on the London 2012 website, and in the I-Spy activity students use these to work out where the different elements of the Park will be and for any clues that the work has started. Furthermore, it highlights the use of neoliberal ideas in selling a majority to the private sector as the local authorities were dependent on private buyers in buying flats within the East Village. Ali, R. (2013) The Olympic legacy has failed to bring jobs to Londons East End, The Guardian, 27 January [Online]. The models which have been identified show where cultural activity can be incorporated, or incorporates itself into a regeneration process. Up until 2011, which would have the peak employment chance for the Olympics, there were only a small number of direct employment opportunities (Brown and Szymanski, 2012) and this was especially true within the six host boroughs where most of the regeneration policies were targeted to improve employment and skills. Local, national, and global processes, such as the movement of people, capital, information, and resources, drive it. Regeneration is the long-term upgrading of existing urban, rural, industrial and commercial areas to bring about social and economic change. This will enable us to compare aspects of the Olympic London 2012 has been the greenest Olympics ever, the commission set up to monitor the environmental impact of the Games has announced. During 1909, a Town Planning Act was formed, this act was to, forbid the building of any more back-to-back houses, this highlighted the need for builders and designs to meet certain standards. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! This form of Urbanism in Barcelona has been characterised by the forming of cultural and public squares linked by avenues and promenades that promote the form of culture. Times and timers, the 2012 games regenerate the Stratford The Lowry Centre opened in April 2000 and has since been credited, along with its associated projects, with the creation of 6,500 jobs in the local economy. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. site before and after the Olympics. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. This occurs when wealthy people move into an area and improve it. In the 19th century, industry in Stratford took off as the area became a hub for the toxic and noxious industries that were banned from London in the 1844 Metropolitan Building Act. Many young people within the six boroughs felt betrayed by the promises made as the jobs were promised to locals and less than half of the 20 000 jobs went to them (Ali, 2013). It will also be possible to discuss and argue the extent to which culture-led regeneration has moved away from the initial aims of improving an areas social and economic problems to also encompass the physical and environmental aspects of improving an area. . The photo task provides a focus for students' digital photography of the area. following: The Imperial War Museum, a major tourist attraction in its own right was opened in 2002 and was designed by renowned architect, Daniel Libeskind, the imposing design aimed to depict the world as a globe, shattered by war and mans self-destruction [Libeskind, 2001]. All work is written to order. An interpersonal conflict is a conflict that happens between two individuals. Have all your study materials in one place. . What is not a potential negative impact of regeneration? Bernstock (2016) found that property prices within Stratford had risen the highest of any London borough since 2012, resulting in higher rent prices which have led to many lower-income families unable to afford to live in Stratford. Dedicated to your worth and value as a human being! Issues faced by Stratford in the past The Albert Docks is situated on the waters of the Mersey. These three models Culture-led Regeneration, Cultural Regeneration and Culture & Regeneration, highlight the different scale of regeneration projects and the level of cultural activities which can differ greatly, from whole cultural cities to redeveloped waterfronts, to community orientated public art programmes. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! In the new millennium there are new challenges for planning and regeneration schemes in response to changes in social trends (cultural and political) with an increase in environmental issues, economic changes and associated with globalisation and the drive for developments to be more sustainable. This could also be argued as social cleansing as many lower-income residents felt they were being pushed out (Stone, 2015) and their economic situations were not accounted for therefore their needs were not addressed. No plagiarism, guaranteed! Assessment 2 is about Londons Olympic bid. Olympic Park Regeneration - Positives and Negatives Flashcards Below are some of the highlights of our environmental programme at Westfield Stratford City: Transforming lives and careers of people in East London, - The new short series How I Got Here shares the stories of retail and food entrepreneurs to inspire students as they start an academic year like no other. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. (Evans 2005). The study of this process and the way in which it came about has also increased as the successes of Urban Regeneration throughout the United Kingdom and indeed internationally, continue to prove economically, socially and politically advantageous to any number of parties involved in the development of gentrification over the last 70 years. This was all carried out in conjunction with landscaping the area and installing lighting and street furniture before any major building work could be carried out. Lets say that there is a small business on a high street that sells groceries. . If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! Kennelly, J. 462-465. Roberts, P. and Sykes, H. (eds) (1999). This test will include This means that any provisions for leisure or culture are likely to be small and implemented after any physical regeneration has taken place, as normally the primary focus was to develop housing and commercial space, the main and sure-fire reasons for bringing money in to an area. Watt, P. (2009) Housing stock transfers, regeneration and state-led gentrification in London, Urban Policy and Research,27(3), pp.229-242. If prices associated with the cost of living rise too much, many locals in a regenerated area may be forced to relocate elsewhere. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. Some of the park was invested by TNCS. However Liverpool has recognised the value of culture to aid in transforming a failing city, with the help of this development it will ignite many other opportunities for the city. pictures. what do you expect the east Before the completion of the London 2012 Olympics, 72% of Newham households were rented properties (Newham council, 2011). Those worst affected by the regeneration strategies were the local residents, who were promised improvements in terms of housing, community strengthening and an increase in jobs in order to achieve 'convergence', however this was not achieved as the policies were not inclusive and led to many communities breakdowns and increasing rent prices which in turn left locals displaced in terms of housing and many locals without jobs. There are a number of ways in which cultural regeneration takes place, from local governments wanting to increase investment in the area to them gaining status through cultural events such as the Olympic and Commonwealth games, the World Cup to the European Capital of Culture and prominent buildings such as Stadiums and tourist attractions. More about Negative Impacts of Regeneration. The centre has been a catalyst for the regeneration of the Stratford area, bringing around a million shoppers every week, as well as jobs, tourism and investment to the local community. During the construction of the Olympics, very few jobs were created for local people. It will also draw on why cultural regeneration is initiated and why these areas are finding the effects of cultural regeneration successful. The paper will also touch on areas that may have failed or where areas are finding the task of regenerating the physical but also the social and political aspects challenging. London 2012: Olympic Games 'greenest ever' - BBC News The closure of the mines, and other redundancies has led to unusually high levels of unemployment, poor health and low education achievements. (2013). Policies should also account for the linked nature between the economic, social, cultural and physical fabric of an area which is being developed (Tallon, 2013) during the regeneration process as having a focus on one aspect can lead to deprivation within another aspect. In 1999 the RIBA presented its Royal Gold Medal to Barcelona, the first time a city has received the award. Researchers helped choose sustainable & biodiverse vegetation suited to an urban environment, including 4,000 trees. London 2012, 4 Years On: How Stratford Has Transformed - Culture Trip Rents and property prices have gone up because of the games. With roughly half the properties being privately owned, it shows the key factor of time where committees were trying to sell the properties quickly in order to create and sustain a legacy, however it has now created more houses to be privately owned resulting in less affordable housing which has left most of the previous residents, many of which are low-income residents, unable to afford to live in Newham. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/aug/30/london-olympic-regeneration-but-price-locals-cant-pay (Accessed: 16 November 2019), Brown, D. and Szymanski, S.(2012). as I cant physically take you there, you will be doing The majority of these are best undertaken from the top floor of the Stratford Centre multi-storey car park, which offers good views of the entire Olympic Park site. In the 1990s, a new station and bus station were built along with a library, cinema and theatre. 2008 the year of the Capital of Culture will see Liverpool hosting major events. Dissertation, School of Civil Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton (2006) . We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. When the Olympics were hosted here, it caused Regeneration of the area. PRIVACY NOTICE This highlights how housing in a post-Olympic legacy has addressed the needs of higher-income residents and those who can afford to live in Stratford at the expense of lower-income families who as a result have been unable to keep up with high rents and property prices and so have had to move out of the area as well as highlighting issues of class divides where often those of a higher class find their needs supported rather than those from low incomes and the working class who so often cannot afford the high increase in property prices and rent. This has created environments people want to visit, live and work in in turn bringing further economic and social benefits. Use examples to put this into a wider context. Barcelona proved itself through the successful bid and hosting of the 1992 Olympic Games; other examples of this cultural regeneration model include the European Capital of Culture programmes (ECOC), the international Expositions (EXPO) along with the annual celebrations such as the Edinburgh festival. the London Borough of Newham. Regeneration is the process of upgrading existing urban, rural, industrial and commercial areas to bring about social and economic change on a long-term scale. While regeneration can be argued to benefit the areas and communities in which it occurs, there are undeniably several negative impacts of regeneration. Another risk to consider is the environmental risk from the number of resources used, . impacts from the Olympic games both on the area and the people living there. stronger divides between people; the creation of an us vs them narrative, True or false: it is always locals that cause community conflict surrounding regeneration. Studentification is the gradual change (social and environmental) of an area of a the city by the arrival of increasing numbers of students and the conversion of older, often 19th century, houses into student flats by subdividing large properties. Edwards, B.C. At the Although mega sports events as Olympics or World Cups have a strong impact on the local communities and the built environment, the planning of their legacies is a relative new concept for both the academia and organizing committees, and is often defined as "all planned and unplanned, positive and negative, intangible and tangible structures created by and for a sport event that remain for a . Olympic Park Case Study: Urban Regeneration | StudySmarter This would suggest that the policies used to regenerate the area were successful and helped create economic activity which meant the Olympics had a positive impact on urban populations and maybe the creation of new jobs were successful in regenerating the area. Negative impacts of the games on the area and This further shows how promises of affordable housing were not met as many residents could not afford the new homes which were built and so were displaced as a result and had to move out of East London to find cheaper rents and as a result lost their sense of place. Westfield is committed to continuously improving the environmental performance of its shopping centres and minimising their environmental impact. Barcelona is a true example of Cultural Regeneration, where a Cultural City, was a successful host of the Olympic Games in 1992. Stratford was in need of regeneration and it could be argued that the Olympics were a catalyst for the regeneration to occur. It is important to note that while there are many negative impacts commonly associated with regeneration, there are ways that these can be managed to prevent the emergence of tension and/or conflict. SITE MAP, Cookies on the RGS website The adjacent Trafford Park Industrial Estate, was littered with derelict warehouses that had little access to the road network and no public transport provisions. However, much of this housing was constructed without proper planning, adequate facilities or infrastructure for clean running water and waste disposal. The back-to-back terrace was the most popular addition to the city due to it being cheap and easy to construct, as well as durable and serving the purpose that it was required for. Part 1: Olympic Games Concept and Legacy. From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs. both on the area and the people living there. However, despite the great potential that existed in the development of the waterfront, the site was not ideally located in terms of attracting residents, businesses or visitors; The Docks were three kilometres from the city centre, enclosed by walls and filled with polluted water [Struthers 2003]. This led to further social and economic problems such as crime and relative poverty as many areas sank in to depression. A small local business may find it difficult to compete with a supermarket as it might not be able to offer the same competitive prices and variety of products. Regeneration has been shown to be of great benefit to certain places (and certain people!) highlighting different aspects of the citys unique culture including The Tall Ships Race which has a significant connection with the cities maritime heritage. Jean-Marie Tritant, Chief Executive Officer, Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield said: "Urban regeneration projects are at the heart of URW's purpose to create sustainable places that reinvent being . Legacy, what legacy? Five years on the London Olympic park battle still In order to balance the argument for regeneration it will be necessary to substantiate these different viewpoints and provide a fair consideration from all stakeholders who would be involved and affected by developments. The restructuring of the mining industry in 1997 meant that the number of employees had fallen to under six hundred. Many were also employed for a short-term basis and were poorly paid which did not help them develop skills as promised within the LAP and SRF. By being rooted in the community and having the local peoples full support this regeneration programme has proved a success, if a project such as this is not deeply rooted in the community then it is not guaranteed to be successful or sustainable. Westfield is committed to continuously improving the environmental performance of its shopping centres and minimising their environmental impact. M.Sc. Site 4: Stratford - Royal Geographical Society As the national evaluation of City Challenge stated: "Crime and its effects were a significant barrier to regeneration because of their impact on the willingness of residents and businesses to stay and get involved in the problems of the area and their adverse impact on the views of potential investors" (DETR, 1999). (city or town) The Essay Writing ExpertsUK Essay Experts. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? This can either focus on . This lesson was about what Stratford was like before the Olympics and what impact the Olympics has had on the areas. Researchers on the project concluded that the areas problems had structural roots and resulted from external economic change and restructuring (Topping and Smith 1977). Your homework is to revise. However, it can also be argued that it was the new residents who moved into the area as a result of the new housing developments and their influence has had an effect in the reduction of deprivation within the area and still lower-income residents are left behind and not accounted for in regeneration policies which have been the case in terms of housing and jobs (Kennelly and Watt, 2012), where many young local residents felt the regeneration was not for them. ALL of the Olympic venues have been sold. The study will also address physical as well as the environmental impacts of regeneration with past and current projects aiming to improve urban areas, with the aid of culture to deliver change. Regeneration Case Studies: A Level Geography | StudySmarter PRESS AND MEDIA Castleford, in West Yorkshire, has a population of around 38,000. This shows that the needs of the local urban population were not met and for there to be successful regeneration there needs to be an aspect of community participation, where they identify what should be improved. Vacancies This means that, if left unchecked, conflict can appear in society. lots of shorter answers. Urban regeneration: a handbook. ISO14001 accreditation awarded in 2013 in recognition of our effective environmental management system and commitment to continuous improvement. On a wider scale, regeneration has played an important role in the history and demographics of cities around the world including Beijing and Melbourne, commonly cited UK examples include Salford Quays in Manchester and Albert Docks in Liverpool; other UK examples include, Canary Wharf in London and Cardiff in Wales. See the tears run from my eyes down my face . An intragroup conflict occurs within a societal group. (2015) 'Why march for homes? the Government extended piece of writing - Culture Regeneration. Be part of our community by following us on our social media accounts. This multi-faceted approach has continued to provide many obstacles for experts within the area but these are challenges that, if overcome, will ensure the longevity and economic well being of the project in question for a long time to come. end, include the opinion of your chosen paper on why you think the Olympics was/wasnt It is important to note, however, that some argue that some alterations of places are beneficial to the population by improving infrastructure and services available. Information sheet for newspaper (LA and HA) Twitter: @ericcelal, Westfield East Bank Creative Futures Fund, Zero waste to landfill the large majority is recycled and anything that cant be recycled goes to energy recovery. Following concerns that the site may be developed purely for housing and offices, a development strategy review was prepared and published in 1988 and set the context for future proposals with an emphasis on a mixture of uses and their relationship to the water, providing opportunities for leisure and culture based activities [Salford City Council, 1988]. You told us what the Olympic-led transformation has really been like for you in London's East End, from cherished public parks to 5 cappuccinos and accusations of social cleansing The report also reiterated the importance of London's high streets, the impact of urban change and large-scale retail regeneration in emerging areas. It can take many forms and can be achieved through the implementation of several different strategies. For example London Square Chigwell Village is a gated oasis of forty three homes, set in and around stunning landscaped gardens, creating a spacious and beautiful environment.. (Turok & Edge) The former industrial cities of Newcastle, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester were left lifeless and devoid of jobs, whilst towns and rural areas saw a steady increase in the number of opportunities. The decision to extend Manchesters tram link to the Quays from Manchester City Centre as well as Bury in the north and Altrincham in the south of the city meant that the Quays was now open to a greater number of visitors, commuters and also residents. Regeneration: Definition, Meaning & Examples | StudySmarter The Olympic Site was built largely on 560 acres of brownfield land. Glasgow became the first city to become European Capital of Culture in 1990 having had more than three years to plan for the event. Kennelly,J. and Watt, P. (2012) Seeing Olympic Effects through the Eyes of Marginally Housed Youth: Changing Places and the Gentrification of East London, Visual Studies, 27(2):151160. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? It is predicted that 11,000 new jobs will arise as a result of the regeneration of the Quays as a whole [Goodey 2000]. Since 1971 the city had to respond to a reduction in its population of about a quarter and a loss of more than half of its manufacturing industry. By Letetia Brown, 15, who lives in Stratford, survey to measure of the standard of the built These new customers (who may have driven the regeneration of the area via gentrification) may prefer the products offered by the new businesses (competition) introduced to the place. Our Corporate Social Responsibility Westfield Stratford City Green areas were placed along the banks of the river. They clear large areas of forest and destroy natural seedling regeneration with a second fire event post-logging. It also uses several objectives and activities with involvement from the government, as well as forms of partnership from stakeholders and actors involved. 1 - Urban renewal shown by new and old buildings together. Peter and Sykes (1999) define regeneration as an action which leads to urban problems being resolved and bringing an improvement within the area in terms of economic, physical, social and environmental aspects which are subject to change during the process of regeneration. The ever increasingly rich owners of the businesses saw the need to provide cheap housing for their workers, and so the now-famous back to back terraced housing associated with British industrial inner cities were born. Much wildlife had to be relocated; 4,000 smooth newts, 100 toads and 300 common lizards as well as fish including pikes and eels were moved by the Olympic Delivery Authority.